sklearn.linear_model.ElasticNet¶

class sklearn.linear_model.ElasticNet(alpha=1.0, l1_ratio=0.5, fit_intercept=True, normalize=False, precompute='auto', max_iter=1000, copy_X=True, tol=0.0001, warm_start=False, positive=False)¶

Linear Model trained with L1 and L2 prior as regularizer

Minimizes the objective function:

1 / (2 * n_samples) * ||y - Xw||^2_2 +
+ alpha * l1_ratio * ||w||_1
+ 0.5 * alpha * (1 - l1_ratio) * ||w||^2_2

If you are interested in controlling the L1 and L2 penalty separately, keep in mind that this is equivalent to:

a * L1 + b * L2

where:

alpha = a + b and l1_ratio = a / (a + b)

The parameter l1_ratio corresponds to alpha in the glmnet R package while alpha corresponds to the lambda parameter in glmnet. Specifically, l1_ratio = 1 is the lasso penalty. Currently, l1_ratio <= 0.01 is not reliable, unless you supply your own sequence of alpha.

Parameters :

alpha : float

Constant that multiplies the penalty terms. Defaults to 1.0 See the notes for the exact mathematical meaning of this parameter. alpha = 0 is equivalent to an ordinary least square, solved by the LinearRegression object. For numerical reasons, using alpha = 0 with the Lasso object is not advised and you should prefer the LinearRegression object.

l1_ratio : float

The ElasticNet mixing parameter, with 0 <= l1_ratio <= 1. For l1_ratio = 0 the penalty is an L2 penalty. For l1_ratio = 1 it is an L1 penalty. For 0 < l1_ratio < 1, the penalty is a combination of L1 and L2.

fit_intercept: bool :

Whether the intercept should be estimated or not. If False, the data is assumed to be already centered.

normalize : boolean, optional, default False

If True, the regressors X will be normalized before regression.

precompute : True | False | ‘auto’ | array-like

Whether to use a precomputed Gram matrix to speed up calculations. If set to 'auto' let us decide. The Gram matrix can also be passed as argument. For sparse input this option is always True to preserve sparsity.

max_iter: int, optional :

The maximum number of iterations

copy_X : boolean, optional, default False

If True, X will be copied; else, it may be overwritten.

tol: float, optional :

The tolerance for the optimization: if the updates are smaller than tol, the optimization code checks the dual gap for optimality and continues until it is smaller than tol.

warm_start : bool, optional

When set to True, reuse the solution of the previous call to fit as initialization, otherwise, just erase the previous solution.

positive: bool, optional :

When set to True, forces the coefficients to be positive.

Notes

To avoid unnecessary memory duplication the X argument of the fit method should be directly passed as a Fortran-contiguous numpy array.

Attributes

`coef_`	array, shape = (n_features,) \| (n_targets, n_features)	parameter vector (w in the cost function formula)
`sparse_coef_`	scipy.sparse matrix, shape = (n_features, 1) \| (n_targets, n_features)	`sparse_coef_` is a readonly property derived from `coef_`
`intercept_`	float \| array, shape = (n_targets,)	independent term in decision function.

Methods

`decision_function`(X)	Decision function of the linear model
`fit`(X, y)	Fit model with coordinate descent.
`get_params`([deep])	Get parameters for this estimator.
`path`(X, y[, l1_ratio, eps, n_alphas, ...])	Compute Elastic-Net path with coordinate descent
`predict`(X)	Predict using the linear model
`score`(X, y)	Returns the coefficient of determination R^2 of the prediction.
`set_params`(**params)	Set the parameters of this estimator.

__init__(alpha=1.0, l1_ratio=0.5, fit_intercept=True, normalize=False, precompute='auto', max_iter=1000, copy_X=True, tol=0.0001, warm_start=False, positive=False)¶

decision_function(X)¶

Decision function of the linear model

Parameters :

X : numpy array or scipy.sparse matrix of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Returns :

T : array, shape = (n_samples,)

The predicted decision function

fit(X, y)¶

Fit model with coordinate descent.

Parameters :

X : ndarray or scipy.sparse matrix, (n_samples, n_features)

Data

y : ndarray, shape = (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_targets)

Target

Notes

Coordinate descent is an algorithm that considers each column of data at a time hence it will automatically convert the X input as a Fortran-contiguous numpy array if necessary.

To avoid memory re-allocation it is advised to allocate the initial data in memory directly using that format.

get_params(deep=True)¶

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters :

deep: boolean, optional :

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns :

params : mapping of string to any

Parameter names mapped to their values.

static path(X, y, l1_ratio=0.5, eps=0.001, n_alphas=100, alphas=None, precompute='auto', Xy=None, fit_intercept=True, normalize=False, copy_X=True, coef_init=None, verbose=False, return_models=False, **params)¶

Compute Elastic-Net path with coordinate descent

The Elastic Net optimization function is:

1 / (2 * n_samples) * ||y - Xw||^2_2 +
+ alpha * l1_ratio * ||w||_1
+ 0.5 * alpha * (1 - l1_ratio) * ||w||^2_2

Parameters :

X : {array-like, sparse matrix}, shape (n_samples, n_features)

Training data. Pass directly as Fortran-contiguous data to avoid unnecessary memory duplication

y : ndarray, shape = (n_samples,)

Target values

l1_ratio : float, optional

float between 0 and 1 passed to ElasticNet (scaling between l1 and l2 penalties). l1_ratio=1 corresponds to the Lasso

eps : float

Length of the path. eps=1e-3 means that alpha_min / alpha_max = 1e-3

n_alphas : int, optional

Number of alphas along the regularization path

alphas : ndarray, optional

List of alphas where to compute the models. If None alphas are set automatically

precompute : True | False | ‘auto’ | array-like

Whether to use a precomputed Gram matrix to speed up calculations. If set to 'auto' let us decide. The Gram matrix can also be passed as argument.

Xy : array-like, optional

Xy = np.dot(X.T, y) that can be precomputed. It is useful only when the Gram matrix is precomputed.

fit_intercept : bool

Fit or not an intercept. WARNING : will be deprecated in 0.16

normalize : boolean, optional, default False

If True, the regressors X will be normalized before regression. WARNING : will be deprecated in 0.16

copy_X : boolean, optional, default True

If True, X will be copied; else, it may be overwritten.

coef_init : array, shape (n_features, ) | None

The initial values of the coefficients.

verbose : bool or integer

Amount of verbosity

return_models : boolean, optional, default False

If True, the function will return list of models. Setting it to False will change the function output returning the values of the alphas and the coefficients along the path. Returning the model list will be removed in version 0.16.

params : kwargs

keyword arguments passed to the coordinate descent solver.

Returns :

models : a list of models along the regularization path

(Is returned if return_models is set True (default).

alphas : array, shape: [n_alphas + 1]

The alphas along the path where models are computed. (Is returned, along with coefs, when return_models is set to False)

coefs : shape (n_features, n_alphas + 1)

Coefficients along the path. (Is returned, along with alphas, when return_models is set to False).

dual_gaps : shape (n_alphas + 1)

The dual gaps at the end of the optimization for each alpha. (Is returned, along with alphas, when return_models is set to False).